تهیه لیست کلی از کاربران سیستم لینوکس

1$ cat /etc/passwd

1root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash23daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh45bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/bin/sh67sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/bin/sh89sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync1011games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/bin/sh1213man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/bin/sh1415....1617..1819...2021vnstat:x:131:137:vnstat daemon,,,:/var/lib/vnstat:/usr/sbin/nologin

1vnstat:x:131:137:vnstat daemon,,,:/var/lib/vnstat:/usr/sbin/nologin

1$ more /etc/passwd23$ less /etc/passwd

1tail -5 /etc/passwd23head -5 /etc/passwd

1$ awk -F':' '{ print $1}' /etc/passwd

1root23daemon45bin67sys89sync1011games1213man1415lp1617mail1819news2021....2223..2425..hplip2627vivek2829bind3031haldaemon3233sshd3435mysql3637radvd

1$ cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd

1$ getent passwd23$ getent passwd | grep tom45## get a list all users ##67$ getent passwd | cut -d: -f189## count all user accounts using the wc ##1011$ getent passwd | wc -l

1$ compgen -u

1compgen -u | grep vivek23getent passwd | grep -q sai && echo "User sai found" || echo "User sai not found"45compgen -u | grep -q ram && echo "User ram found" || echo "User ram not found"

1getent passwd {username}23getent passwd vivek

1$ compgen -u | wc -l23$ getent passwd | wc -l

1$ grep "^UID_MIN" /etc/login.defs23$ grep UID_MIN /etc/login.defs

1UID_MIN                                             100023#SYS_UID_MIN                                  100

1## get UID limit ##23l=$(grep "^UID_MIN" /etc/login.defs)45## use awk to print if UID >= $UID_LIMIT ##67awk -F':' -v "limit=${l##UID_MIN}" '{ if ( $3 >= limit ) print $1}' /etc/passwd89برای مشاهده مقادیر حداکثر انتخاب اتوماتیک UID در فرمان useradd داریم:1011$ grep "^UID_MAX" /etc/login.defs

1UID_MAX                                            60000

1## get mini UID limit ##23l=$(grep "^UID_MIN" /etc/login.defs)45## get max UID limit ##67l1=$(grep "^UID_MAX" /etc/login.defs)89## use awk to print if UID >= $MIN and UID <= $MAX   ##1011awk -F':' -v "min=${l##UID_MIN}" -v "max=${l1##UID_MAX}" '{ if ( $3 >= min && $3 <= max ) print $0}' /etc/passwd

1vivek:x:500:500::/home/vivek:/bin/bash23raj:x:501:501::/home/raj:/bin/ksh45ash:x:502:502::/home/ash:/bin/zsh67jadmin:x:503:503::/home/jadmin:/bin/sh89jwww:x:504:504::/htdocs/html:/sbin/nologin1011wwwcorp:x:505:505::/htdocs/corp:/sbin/nologin1213wwwint:x:506:506::/htdocs/intranet:/bin/bash1415scpftp:x:507:507::/htdocs/ftpjail:/bin/bash1617rsynftp:x:508:508::/htdocs/projets:/bin/bash1819mirror:x:509:509::/htdocs:/bin/bash2021jony:x:510:510::/home/jony:/bin/ksh2223amyk:x:511:511::/home/amyk:/bin/ksh

1#!/bin/bash23# Name: listusers.bash45# Purpose: List all normal user accounts in the system. Tested on RHEL / Debian Linux to List All Users on Linux67# Author: Vivek Gite <www.cyberciti.biz>, under GPL v2.0+89# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1011_l="/etc/login.defs"1213_p="/etc/passwd"1415## get mini UID limit ##1617l=$(grep "^UID_MIN" $_l)1819## get max UID limit ##2021l1=$(grep "^UID_MAX" $_l)2223## use awk to print if UID >= $MIN and UID <= $MAX and shell is not /sbin/nologin   ##2425awk -F':' -v "min=${l##UID_MIN}" -v "max=${l1##UID_MAX}" '{ if ( $3 >= min && $3 <= max  && $7 != "/sbin/nologin" ) "$_p"

1vivek:x:500:500::/home/vivek:/bin/bash23raj:x:501:501::/home/raj:/bin/ksh45ash:x:502:502::/home/ash:/bin/zsh67jadmin:x:503:503::/home/jadmin:/bin/sh89wwwint:x:506:506::/htdocs/intranet:/bin/bash1011scpftp:x:507:507::/htdocs/ftpjail:/bin/bash1213rsynftp:x:508:508::/htdocs/projets:/bin/bash1415mirror:x:509:509::/htdocs:/bin/bash1617jony:x:510:510::/home/jony:/bin/ksh1819amyk:x:511:511::/home/amyk:/bin/ksh

1#!/bin/bash23# Name: listusers.bash45# Purpose: List all normal user and system accounts in the system. Tested on RHEL / Debian Linux67# Author: Vivek Gite <www.cyberciti.biz>, under GPL v2.0+89# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1011_l="/etc/login.defs"1213_p="/etc/passwd"1415## get mini UID limit ##1617l=$(grep "^UID_MIN" $_l)1819## get max UID limit ##2021l1=$(grep "^UID_MAX" $_l)2223## use awk to print if UID >= $MIN and UID <= $MAX and shell is not /sbin/nologin   ##2425echo "----------[ Normal User Accounts ]---------------"2627awk -F':' -v "min=${l##UID_MIN}" -v "max=${l1##UID_MAX}" '{ if ( $3 >= min && $3 <= max  && $7 != "/sbin/nologin" ) print $0 }' "$_p"2829echo ""3031echo "----------[ System User Accounts ]---------------"3233awk -F':' -v "min=${l##UID_MIN}" -v "max=${l1##UID_MAX}" '{ if ( !($3 >= min && $3 <= max  && $7 != "/sbin/nologin")) print $0 }' "$_p"

1----------[ Normal User Accounts ]---------------23vivek:x:500:500::/home/vivek:/bin/bash45raj:x:501:501::/home/raj:/bin/ksh67ash:x:502:502::/home/ash:/bin/zsh89jadmin:x:503:503::/home/jadmin:/bin/sh1011wwwint:x:506:506::/htdocs/intranet:/bin/bash1213scpftp:x:507:507::/htdocs/ftpjail:/bin/bash1415rsynftp:x:508:508::/htdocs/projets:/bin/bash1617mirror:x:509:509::/htdocs:/bin/bash1819jony:x:510:510::/home/jony:/bin/ksh2021amyk:x:511:511::/home/amyk:/bin/ksh2223----------[ Linux List All Users (System User Accounts) ]---------------2425root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash2627bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin2829daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin3031adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin3233lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin3435sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync3637shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown3839halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt4041mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin4243uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin4445operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin4647games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin4849gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin5051ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin5253nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin5455dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin5657vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin5859abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin6061haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin6263ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin6465saslauth:x:499:499:"Saslauthd user":/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin6667postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin6869apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin7071webalizer:x:67:67:Webalizer:/var/www/usage:/sbin/nologin7273sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin7475tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin7677mysql:x:27:27:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash7879memcached:x:498:496:Memcached daemon:/var/run/memcached:/sbin/nologin8081squid:x:23:23::/var/spool/squid:/sbin/nologin8283rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin8485rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin8687nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin